Sample Preparation for Methanogenic Activities of Heterogeneous Flooded Rice Soils.

Seasonal dynamics of bacterial and archaeal methanogenic communities in flooded rice fields and effect of drainage

We studied the resident (16S rDNA) and the active (16S rRNA) members of soil archaeal and bacterial communities during rice plant development by sampling three growth stages (vegetative, reproductive and maturity) under field conditions. Additionally, the microbial community was investigated in two non-flooded fields (unplanted, cultivated with upland maize) in order to monitor the reaction of ...

Optimal Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Micrometric Heterogeneous Samples.

Precise microanalytical techniques are essential in many fields such as cultural heritage materials, showing complex layered microstructures containing a wide range of materials of diverse nature and hardness. Noninvasive sample manipulation and preparation is required to avoid, as much as possible, sample contamination, which may strongly limit the materials identification. The method proposed...

Soil fertility in flooded and non-flooded irrigated rice systems

Management of cracked soils for water saving during land preparation for rice cultivation

High water loss during land preparation of soils for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production results from bypass ̄ow through cracks. It was hypothesized that the losses can be reduced by measures that minimize crack development during the soil drying period or impede the ̄ow of water through these cracks. The effect of straw mulching and shallow surface tillage on crack formation during the fallow pe...

Diffusive gas transport through flooded rice systems

A fully mechanistic model based on diffusion equations for gas transport in a flooded rice system is presented. The model has transport descriptions for various compartments in the water-saturated soil and within the plant. Plant parameters were estimated from published data and experiments independent of the validation experiment. An independent experiment is described in which the diffusion c...